Which of the following should be assessed to determine the impact of technology on students?

Assessing learning outcomes and engagement levels provides a direct measurement of how technology influences students' educational experiences. This approach focuses on the end results of technology integration, such as improved academic performance, enhanced understanding of content, and increased participation during lessons. By evaluating these factors, educators can establish a clearer understanding of whether technology contributes positively to student learning and how it may need to be adjusted to better meet educational objectives.

While observing student behavior during technology use is important, it does not directly indicate the learning outcomes or engagement levels achieved as a result of that behavior. Teacher preferences can inform technology choices and implementation strategies but do not reflect the impact on student learning. Evaluating the cost of devices is also critical for budgeting and resource allocation but does not provide insights into the educational benefits or effectiveness of those technologies in improving student performance or engagement. Prioritizing learning outcomes ensures that the primary focus remains on student achievement and educational effectiveness.