Which function does DHCP perform in a network?

The function of DHCP, or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network. When a device connects to a network, it requests an IP address from the DHCP server. The server then allocates an available IP address from a predefined range (or pool) and assigns it to the device for a specified lease time. This automation simplifies network management by reducing the need for manual configuration of IP addresses for each device.

The option that discusses the assignment of IP addresses specifically to MAC addresses emphasizes the relationship between the hardware address (MAC address) of a device and the IP address assigned to it, which is a core aspect of DHCP functionality. As devices connect and disconnect from the network, DHCP ensures effective use of the available IP addresses and prevents conflicts.

The other functions listed in the choices are unrelated to DHCP. Translating IP addresses to domain names is a responsibility of DNS (Domain Name System), managing email accounts is typically handled by mail servers, and controlling physical device connections pertains to network hardware and infrastructure rather than an automated assignment of IP addresses. Thus, the option correctly reflects the primary role of DHCP in network operations.