What is the primary characteristic of a Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P)?

A Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P) is characterized primarily by its ability to allow direct sharing of resources among users without the need for a centralized server. In a P2P network, each computer, or "peer," can act as both a client and a server, enabling users to share files, bandwidth, and other resources directly with one another. This decentralization facilitates a more collaborative environment where individuals can easily access and disseminate information or resources without relying on a single point of control.

While connecting a large number of computers can be a feature of P2P networks, it is not the defining characteristic; many network models can connect large numbers of devices. The requirement of a central server is contrary to the fundamental principle of P2P architecture, which thrives on the absence of such centralized authority. Additionally, P2P networks are not limited to enterprise environments; they are often associated with personal or small-scale networking scenarios, such as file sharing among home users or small groups. Thus, the essence of a P2P network centers on the direct collaboration and resource sharing capabilities among its users.